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1.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 81(5): 846-849, oct. 2021. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1351059

ABSTRACT

Resumen La crisis adrenal es la forma más extrema de presentación de la insuficiencia adrenal y representa una urgencia endocrinológica que llega a poner en riesgo la vida. Esta situación puede ser des encadenada por diferentes causas, entre las cuales se incluye el uso de fármacos inductores del CYP3A4, que aceleran la depuración de la hidrocortisona. Describimos el caso de una mujer de 85 años, con antecedentes de insuficiencia adrenal secundaria y enfermedad renal crónica, que presentó síntomas compatibles con crisis adrenal (astenia, adinamia, hiponatremia grave con síntomas neurológicos e hipotensión arterial) luego de nueve días del inicio de tratamiento con modafinilo. El cuadro clínico mejoró rápidamente con la suspensión del modafinilo y la administración de hidrocortisona endovenosa. Luego de descartar las posibles causas desencadenantes (infecciosas, isquémicas, tromboembolismo pulmonar y omisión en la toma de hidrocortisona), se interpretó que el modafinilo precipitó los síntomas de insuficiencia adrenal al aumentar la depuración del corticoide. El modafinilo tiene la capacidad de inducir la actividad del CYP3A4 y, en consecuencia, disminuir la biodisponibilidad de la hidrocortisona. Recalcamos la necesidad de ajustar la dosis de reemplazo de corticoides en sujetos que reciben fármacos inductores del metabolismo.


Abstract Adrenal crisis is the most extreme presentation form of adrenal insufficiency and represents a life-threatening endocrinological emergency. This situation can be triggered by different causes including the use of CYP3A4-inducing drugs, which accelerate hydrocortisone clearance. We describe the case of an 85-year-old woman with secondary adrenal insufficiency and chronic renal disease, who presented symptoms compatible with adrenal crisis (asthenia, adynamia, severe hyponatremia associated with neurological symptoms and hypotension) nine days after the start of modafinil treat ment. The clinical picture improved rapidly with the suspension of modafinil and the administration of intravenous hydrocortisone. After ruling out the possible triggering causes (infectious, ischemic, pulmonary thromboembo lism and failure to take hydrocortisone), it was interpreted that modafinil precipitated the symptoms of adrenal insufficiency by increasing the steroid clearance. Modafinil has the ability to induce the activity of CYP3A4 and consequently decrease the bioavailability of hydrocortisone. We emphasize the need to adjust steroid dose re placement in subjects receiving metabolism-inducing drugs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Adrenal Insufficiency/chemically induced , Hydrocortisone/adverse effects , Acute Disease , Modafinil/adverse effects , Glucocorticoids/adverse effects
2.
Med. UIS ; 33(1): 31-38, ene.-abr. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1124983

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: el modafinilo es un fármaco neuroestimulante utilizado principalmente para promover estados de vigilia atención y disminuir la fatiga ante ciertos comportamientos que propician la somnolencia diurna excesiva. Objetivo: identificar en la literatura científica los efectos adversos neurológicos y cardiovasculares causados por el consumo del modafinilo. Materiales y Métodos: revisión bibliográfica de los artículos encontrados entre los meses de abril y julio de 2019 en las bases de datos PUBMED, SCOPUS, DIALNET. 51 artículos superaron la evaluación de calidad metodológica y se incluyeron en la revisión. Resultados: se identificaron que los principales efectos adversos a nivel cardiovascular son la cardiomiopatía Tako-Tsubo y la taquicardia ventricular polimórfica, mientras que a nivel neurológico puede generar insomnio y distonías. Conclusiones: El consumo del modafinilo genera repercusiones en las funciones cognitivas y cardiovasculares por lo cual no es aconsejable su uso a largo plazo en personas sanas. MÉD. UIS.2020;33(1):31-8.


Abstract Introduction: modafinil is a neurostimulant drug used mainly to promote wakefulness, attention and decrease fatigue in certain behaviors that cause excessive daytime sleepiness. Objective: identify in the scientific literature the neurological and cardiovascular adverse effects caused by the consumption of modafinil. Materials and Methods: bibliographic review of the articles found between the months of April and July of 2019 in the PUBMED, SCOPUS, DIALNET databases. 51 articles passed the methodological quality assessment and were included in the review. Results: the main adverse effects at the cardiovascular level were identified as Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, while at the neurological level it can generate insomnia and dystonia. Conclusions: the consumption of modafinil generates repercussions on cognitive and cardiovascular functions, so its long-term use in healthy people is not advisable. MÉD.UIS.2020;33(1):31-8.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Sleep Wake Disorders , Tachycardia, Ventricular , Modafinil , Tachycardia , Blood Pressure , Dystonia , Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy , Headache , Central Nervous System Stimulants , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders , Narcolepsy , Nausea
3.
Salud colect ; 16: e2514, 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1139508

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Al observar los procesos de (bio)medicalización y farmacologización de la sociedad, este artículo aborda los medicamentos que han sido utilizados por individuos sanos para aumentar sus dimensiones cognitivas, como el estado de alerta, la memoria y la concentración. Las llamadas "drogas inteligentes" o "drogas nootrópicas" se han extendido entre los jóvenes a través de Internet. La circulación de información sobre tales drogas se analiza desde un blog brasileño llamado Cérebro Turbinado, sobre el que se realizó una investigación documental basada en el material publicado en el blog entre 2015 y 2017, de acceso público. La investigación adopta marcos teóricos y metodológicos de las ciencias sociales, junto a una perspectiva antropológica. Los resultados muestran que el blog actúa como un medio para la difusión del conocimiento biomédico entre el público lego y muestra la producción de nuevas formas de subjetividad al revelar los significados que se atribuyen a tales sustancias en los procesos de socialización.


ABSTRACT By observing the processes of (bio)medicalization and pharmaceuticalization of society, this article addresses drugs that have been used by healthy individuals to increase cognitive dimensions such as alertness, memory, and concentration. The use of so-called "smart drugs" or "nootropics" has spread among young people, aided by the internet. The circulation of information about such drugs are analyzed using a Brazilian blog called "Cérebro Turbinado," through publications available for public access between 2015 and 2017. The study adopts theoretical and methodological frameworks of the social sciences, including an anthropological perspective. Documental research was conducted on the internet, specifically with scientific dissemination materials and the material available from the aforementioned blog. The results show that the blog acts as a medium for spreading biomedical knowledge among the lay public and indicates the production of new forms of subjectivity by revealing the meanings attributed to these substances in socialization processes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cognition/drug effects , Nootropic Agents/pharmacology , Information Dissemination/methods , Blogging , Brazil , Medicalization , Modafinil/pharmacology , Amphetamines/pharmacology , Central Nervous System Stimulants/pharmacology , Methylphenidate/pharmacology
4.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 146(11): 1294-1303, nov. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-985703

ABSTRACT

Background: The high academic burden may hamper the quality of life of medical students. Aim: To evaluate the quality of life (QOL) for medical students attending a Chilean university. Material and Methods: Four hundred eleven medical students aged 22 ± 2 years (51% women), studying in Santiago, Chile, answered online a validated Spanish version of the WHOQOL-BREF quality of life survey (scored from 0 to 100). Overall scores were assessed for the questionnaire domains Physical health, Psychological health, Interpersonal relationships, and Environment. Results: The global scores were 65.1 for Physical health, 63.1 for Psychological health, 61.3 for Interpersonal relationships and 67.2 for Environment. Students in clinical practice, females, those with sedentary behaviors and consuming modafinil had lower Physical health scores. Students coming from outside Santiago, with sedentary behaviors and who consumed modafinil had poorer Psychological health scores. Students coming from outside Santiago, males and those with sedentary behaviors had Lower Interpersonal relationship scores. Environment scores were also lower among students who were sedentary or from outside Santiago. Conclusions: The variables that had a greater negative impact in the quality of life of these students were the transition from theoretical courses to clinical practice, being from outside Santiago, being overweight or obese and consuming modafinil. Students that were physically active had better quality of life scores.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Quality of Life , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Personal Satisfaction , Reference Values , Students, Medical/psychology , Body Mass Index , Chile , Health Status , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Analysis of Variance , Education, Medical, Undergraduate/statistics & numerical data , Modafinil/therapeutic use , Central Nervous System Stimulants/therapeutic use , Interpersonal Relations
5.
Psiquiatr. salud ment ; 34(3/4): 228-232, jul.-dic. 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-967565

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN El presente estudio busca comenzar un abordaje inicial del fenómeno del consumo de Modafinilo en profesionales de la Salud Mental en Chile y los factores precipitantes que promueven el consumo de esta sustancia psicoestimulante. OBJETIVOS: Realizar una revisión bibliográfica respecto del consumo de Psicoestimulantes en Profesionales de la Salud Mental; identificar el psicoestimulante de más fácil acceso; buscar y contactar a profesionales de la salud mental del SSMC que consuman activamente Modafinilo e Identificar los posibles factores precipitantes asociados al consumo de Modafinilo. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Reporte de caso y análisis de discurso de una entrevista en profundidad, identificando las categorías centrales que estructuran la experiencia del profesional respecto de su consumo. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN: De acuerdo al análisis de la entrevista, podemos destacar cuatro factores que desencadenan el consumo habitual de la sustancia psicoestimulante: la narcolepsia, sobrecarga laboral, sobrecarga emocional y el fácil acceso al Modafinilo. CONCLUSIONES: La bibliografía existente es muy escasa; este estudio se constituye como una primera aproximación al abordaje de este tema a nivel nacional; la sobrecarga emocional cobra gran importancia ya que complementa la dependencia fisiológica; los estados emocionales que generan y mantienen el consumo en el profesional se ven asociados a eventos ambientales, y la dependencia psicológica es una realidad inseparable de la dependencia fisiológica.


BACKGROUND: The present study aims to start an initial approach to the phenomenon of Modafinil use in mental health professionals in Chile, and the precipitating factors that promote the consumption of this psychostimulant substance. OBJETIVES: To carry out a bibliographic review regarding the use of Psychostimulants in Mental Health Professionals; to identify the most easily accessible psychostimulant; to find and contact mental health professionals who actively consume Modafinil and to identify the possible precipitating factors associated with consumption of Modafinil. METHODS: Case report and discourse analysis of an in-depth interview, identifying the central categories that structure the professional's experience regarding their consumption. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: According to the analysis of the interview, we can highlight four factors that trigger the habitual consumption of the psychostimulant substance: Narcolepsy, work overload, emotional overload and easy access to Modafinil. CONCLUSIONS: The existing literature is very scarce; this study constitutes a first approach of this topic at national level; emotional overload is of great importance since it complements the physiological dependence; the emotional states that generate and maintain consumption in the professional are seen associated with environmental factors, and psychological dependence is an inseparable reality of physiological dependence.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Attitude of Health Personnel , Mental Health , Modafinil/administration & dosage , Central Nervous System Stimulants/administration & dosage , Self Medication , Precipitating Factors , Interviews as Topic , Workload , Substance-Related Disorders , Dependency, Psychological , Drug Utilization , Narcolepsy/drug therapy
6.
Acta bioeth ; 23(1): 179-188, jun. 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-886018

ABSTRACT

Resumen: El artículo investiga criterios de acceso a tecnologías de mejoramiento cognitivo farmacológico, especialmente modafinilo y metilfenidato, en caso de adultos sanos. Desde la perspectiva de la justicia igualitaria, tomando como referencia la teoría de justicia de Rawls, se argumenta a favor de una política de acceso libre mediante mecanismos de mercado, pero facilitado en caso de los peor situados de la sociedad.


Abstract: The article addresses criteria for access to pharmacological cognitive enhancement technologies, especially modafinil and methylphenidate, to healthy adults. From the perspective of equalitarian justice and taking as point of reference Rawls' theory of justice it argues in favor of a policy of open market access, but facilitated for the worst-off.


Resumo: O artigo investiga os critérios para o acesso às tecnologias de aprimoramento cognitivo farmacológica, especialmente o modafinil e o metilfenidato, no caso de adultos saudáveis. Na perspectiva da justiça igualitária, tendo como referência a teoria da justiça de Rawls, argumenta-se a favor de uma política de acesso livre através de mecanismos de mercado, porém com acesso facilitado no caso dos piores situados na sociedade.


Subject(s)
Humans , Drug Prescriptions , Cognition , Health Equity , Ethics, Medical , Modafinil , Methylphenidate
7.
Rev. colomb. psiquiatr ; 43(1): 47-51, ene.-mar. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-715336

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El principal objetivo de las emociones consiste en garantizar la homeostasis, la supervivencia y el bienestar del organismo. Objetivo: Demostrar la utilidad de la aplicación de evaluaciones neurofisiológicas y neuropsicológicas a pacientes en quienes se pretenda demostrar el papel significativo de las emociones en la ejecución de determinadas conductas. Métodos: Se realizó entrevista psiquiátrica con fines forenses. Se registró la actividad eléctrica cerebral (EEG) en estado de vigilia y en condiciones basales, se calcularon los generadores de densidad de corriente en la banda theta y se realizó evaluación de reconocimiento de las emociones. Resultados: En la entrevista psiquiátrica se destaca que el miedo fue un elemento importante en el actuar impulsivo y poco previsor del acusado y se demostró una disminución sustancial de sus facultades para comprender el alcance de sus actos y dirigir su conducta en el periodo de tiempo de ocurrencia del delito que se le imputa. El EEG mostró alteraciones en regiones frontales y los generadores de densidad de corriente se localizaron en regiones frontotemporales y áreas asociativas occipitales. Conclusiones: Se recomienda asociar estos estudios con la evaluación psiquiátrica con fines forenses para acrecentar la objetividad de los diagnósticos formulados por peritos actuantes.


Introduction: The main objective of the emotions is to ensure the homeostasis, the survival and the well-being of the organism. Objective: To demonstrate the usefulness of performing neurophysiological and neuro-psychological assessments in patients, in order to demonstrate the significant role of the emotions in the execution of certain behaviours. Methods: A forensic psychiatric interview was conducted. EEG in vigil state was registered, the generators of current density to theta band were calculated, and the emotions recognition test was performed. Results: The results of the psychiatric interview demonstrated that fear was an important element in acting impulsively, and lack of foresight of the accused. A substantial decrease was demonstrated in the ability to understand the scope of the acts and the direction of the behaviour during the time the crime occurred. The EEG showed alterations in frontal regions, and the generators of current density were located in frontal-temporal regions and occipital associative areas. Conclusions: It is recommended to associate these studies with the forensic psychiatric assessment, in order to increase the objectivity of the diagnoses formulated by medical experts.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Forensic Psychiatry , Emotions , Neuropsychological Tests , Patients , Aptitude , Behavior , Electroencephalography , Fear , Research Report , Pioglitazone , Modafinil , Homeostasis
8.
Journal of Central South University(Medical Sciences) ; (12): 344-348, 2005.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-813365

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of diazepam and modafinil on acute hepatic failure in mice.@*METHODS@#Acute liver failure was induced in male Kunming strain mice by enterocoelia injecting the mice with D-GalN and LPS . The mice in the treatment groups were given corresponding drug 2 h before the administration of D-GalN and LPS, and the mice in the control group were given the same dose of distilled water. The 24-hour survival rate, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were compared. Serum levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1 and the levels of SOD, MDA, GR, GSH, NO and NOS in the liver were determined.@*RESULTS@#Treatment with diazepam increased the survival rate and improved liver histological feature. Diazepam inhibited the serum levels of ALT, AST, TNF-alpha and IL-1, and reduced levels of MDA, NO and NOS and increased levels of GR and SOD in the liver. Modafinil decreased liver histological feature, increased the serum levels of ALT, AST, TNF-alpha and IL-1, increased level of MDA, and inhabited levels of SOD and GR in the liver.@*CONCLUSION@#Treatment with diazepam may suppress the D-GalN/LPS-induced acute hepatic failure and modafinil may facilitate the acute hepatic failure.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Benzhydryl Compounds , Therapeutic Uses , Diazepam , Therapeutic Uses , Galactosamine , Lipopolysaccharides , Liver , Pathology , Liver Failure, Acute , Drug Therapy , Pathology , Modafinil , Random Allocation
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